2007年9月22日

Benjamin Franklin's 13 Virtues

班傑明·富蘭克林(Benjamin Franklin),美國最重要的開國者之一,傑出的政治家、科學家(主要是電學方面的研究)、記者、出版者、外交家,同時亦是一個發明家!(除了眾所皆知的避雷針以外,還發明了Franklin stove, catheter, swimfins, glass harmonica, and bifocals)比起上面這些豐功偉業與發明,他精通五種語言這種事就算不了什麼了,也難怪人們會將他視為一個polymath。

這都是眾所皆知的。但是你知道富蘭克林在1726年,也就是他20歲的時候,一次從倫敦到費城的旅程中就建立了一套能夠不斷檢視自己且使人格成長的計畫嗎?就是我要介紹的東西---Benjamin Franklin's 13 Virtues。首先,富蘭克林列出了十三項他認為非常重要的德行如下:


  1. TEMPERANCE: Eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation.
  2. SILENCE: Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation.
  3. ORDER: Let all your things have their places; let each part of your business have its time.
  4. RESOLUTION: Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without fail what you resolve.
  5. FRUGALITY: Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing.
  6. INDUSTRY: Lose no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions.
  7. SINCERITY: Use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if you speak, speak accordingly.
  8. JUSTICE: Wrong none by doing injuries, or omitting the benefits that are your duty.
  9. MODERATION: Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve.
  10. CLEANLINESS: Tolerate no uncleanliness in body, cloaths, or habitation.
  11. TRANQUILLITY: Be not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable.
  12. CHASTITY: Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, never to dullness, weakness, or the injury of your own or another's peace or reputation.
  13. HUMILITY: Imitate Jesus and Socrates.


接著他在一張紙上畫一個表格,第一欄填上各種美德,餘下七欄依序標上星期一~星期日。每天他都仔細的反省當天的所作所為,並且,當他認為他沒有達到其中一項德行的要求時,便在該天屬於該德行的那一格用黑筆做個記號。富蘭克林的目標就是使自己每一天都不會在表格中留下任何"汙點"。並且他一生也持續這項自我檢視的工作。

看看上面所列的Virtues,覺得如何?假如你也要列出一張德行清單,你會將其中幾項換掉嗎?或者加上當初富蘭克林沒有想到的人格目標呢?

或者你已經躍躍欲試,迫不及待想跟著富蘭克林的腳步使自己的人格更加茁壯!
但是可能又會問,這表格要怎麼畫才好?畫這些東西好麻煩呀!
沒關係,網路上已經有提供現成的表格:Franklin Virtue Chart

對於表格,我們要做的只是downloading and printing,容易吧!
你會發現,真正困難的是,如何像富蘭克林般長久持續的做這項功課。



註:富蘭克林還會演奏小提琴豎琴吉他,也會作曲呢!真是厲害!

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